What are the different levels of politeness in Japanese

Japanese language features a nuanced system of politeness that reflects the cultural emphasis on respect and social hierarchy. The two main levels of politeness in Japanese are “keigo” (敬語), which translates to “respectful language.” Within keigo, there are three subcategories: Learn Japanese with Native and Experienced trainer at Delhi’s Top Japanese Language Institute Nihonkai

1. Teineigo (丁寧語) – Polite Language:
   • Used in everyday situations, especially when speaking to those you’re not familiar with.
   • Examples:
     • です (desu) – Polite form of the copula “to be.”
     • ます (masu) – Polite verb ending.
     • お/ご + Noun – Polite prefix for nouns.
2. Sonkeigo (尊敬語) – Respectful Language:
   • Used to show respect for the actions and belongings of others, or to elevate the status of someone else’s actions.
   • Examples:
     • いらっしゃいます (irasshaimasu) – Respectful form of “to be” or “to come.”
     • 召し上がる (meshiagaru) – Respectful form of “to eat.”
     • お/ご + Stem of the verb – Polite prefix for verbs.

1. Kenjougo (謙譲語) – Humble Language:
   • Used to humble oneself or one’s in-group when talking about their actions or belongings.
   • Examples:
     • いたします (itashimasu) – Humble form of “to do.”
     • いただきます (itadakimasu) – Humble form of “to receive” used before meals.
     • お/ご + Stem of the verb – Polite prefix for verbs.

Understanding when and how to use each level of politeness is crucial in Japanese communication, as it reflects your relationship with the person you are talking to and your respect for the social context. The appropriate use of keigo contributes significantly to effective communication and demonstrates cultural sensitivity.